Information methods Essay Example For Students

Information methods Essay Q.What is Information Literacy?A.ability to recognise the need to find, organise, evaluate and use such information for effective decision-making or problem solving. Be aware that some information conveyed to you may be distorted. Be aware that you may require additional information before making a decision. Q.What is Information Technology Literacy?A.ability to recognise opportunities for and apply information technology resources to capture and manipulate data, transform data into information and present information. Q.Why do you need Information Literacy?A.to function in society, to understand the language and knowledge structures of particular fields of study, to be able to study in fields of interest, to be able to communicate. Q.Is there a relationship between data, information, and knowledge?A.Yes. A collection of basic data elements (facts, video, images, sound etc.) are transformed (manipulated) into information. By gathering information we can begin to gain knowledge. Q.What are the three information types? (and give an example of each)A.Primary Information eyewitness account, creative work, discoverySecondary Information reports on events, history, theologiesTertiary Information indices, bibliographies, browsersQ.What are the Information Literacy skills identified in the lecture?A.Task Definition, Information Seeking Strategies, Location and Access, Use of Information, Synthesis, EvaluationQ.What are the 5 subdisciplines of Semiotics and what are their attributes?A.Statistics patterns, codes, traces, signalsSyntactics structure, data, records, language, logic, software, filesSemantics meaning, denotation, signification, proposition, validty, truthPragmatics intent, communication, conversation, negotiationSocial beliefs, expectations, commitments, contracts, law, cultureQ.What are mind maps useful for?A.Note taking, organising information in a logical structure, good for exam revisionQ.What is a metaphor? ExamplesA.statements based on some kind of analogy where two things are compared to each other eg desk top metaphor, metaphorically speakingQ.What are the different types of metaphors?A.Illustrative, Iconic, Visual, VerbalQ.What is a clich?A.A phrase that conveys some sort of idea or message, a clich is, in other words a metaphor characterised by its over use. Q.The usefulness of information is determined by four main factors. What are these four main factors and exemplify. A.Information Quality fitness for purpose, authors credentials, revised edition, intended audience etc. Information Assessibility consistent, speed, availability, formatInformation Presentation writing style, organised logically, main points clearly presentedInformation Security Internet fire walls, Business passwords etcQ.What is Knowledge?A.A combination of rules, ideas, instincts and procedures that guide actions and decisions. Q.What are the different types of information retrieval outlined in the lecture?A.Text database a set of documents stored and organised on a computer eg proformasHypertext documents interactive links to other parts of the current document eg autotable of contents in word. Hypermedia system WWW is made up of documents that may contain text, images, audio, video etc. Browser GUI to WWW, displays web pages to users, require programs called plugins to access some elementsQ.Name two different types of databases and provide examples for each. A.Relational database consisting of many linked tables eg MS AccessFlat File database rows and columns, one table only eg MS Excel/WordQ.Name some information collection techniques (from lecture)A.Interviewing ObservationReadingNote TakingListeningInformation ManagementQ.When organising data we need to apply Critical thinking in particular we need to clarify, reflect, analyse and synthesise. Describe each of these steps. A.Clarify examine the material, check the informationReflect consider, compose, look at consequencesAnalyse examine the parts, make comparisons, read between the lines, draw inferencesSynthesise pull all the clues together, form your own arguments or line of reasoningQ.Name three flexible storage systems for data (from lecture notes)A.Paper based, film based, computer basedQ.Which is more important, storage or retrieval of information? 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Anyone can store information, whether it is in a shoebox or on a computerised system. The most important thing here is to make sure that the information is retrievable in a timely and efficient manner, particularly when having to make decisions. Q.The effective storage of data within a computerised system requires: (from lecture)A.Thorough design of data types and structuresGood use of normalisation principlesConsideration of indexingCareful consideration of fields used as primary keys for creating relationshipsQ.What are the five steps of the I D E A L problem solving model presented in lecture?A.Identify, Define, Explore, Act, Look backQ.Explain the structure of a report (the main elements)A.Front page, Abstract/Executive Summary, Table of Contents, Introduction, Discussion, Conclusion/Recommedation, References/Bibliography, AppendicesQ.What are the three main Information Quality Criterion given in the lecture?A.Content Criteria, Form Criteria, Process CriteriaQ.Explain and exemplify what the Content Criteria sub-criteria Validity means. A.how well founded, trustworthy and reliable