Doric,Ionic, Corinthian Essay Example for Free

Doric,Ionic, Corinthian Essay Essay Prompt:Define and describe the three architectural orders of ancient Greece noting when and where they were used and how they reflected the changes in Greece from the Archaic through the Hellenistic Period. Ancient Greece has brought about many methods of art that we see in our everyday lives. Many artists today even try to mimic artists in ancient Greece, but often fail to do so. One of the most important aspects to come out of Greek art is the architecture, most notable the three architectural orders of ancient Greece, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. Each components of this order has a system of inter dependable parts whose proportions are based upon mathematical ratios. The basic components of all three orders are the column and entablature. Although most people do not know this order, they see it in their everyday lives. The history behind this order may take a lifetime to fully understand. The Doric order has shafts that composed of drums seated on top of a stylobate. The shafts do not have bases in the Doric order like they do in the others. At the top of the shaft lies an echinus and abacus respectively and the combination of shafts, echinus and abacus make up a column. At the top of each column lies an entablature and at the top of each entablature lies a pediment. The Doric order was mainly used in Greek and Rome and was the earliest of the three orders. The Doric order came about in a definite form in 7th century B.C, but it was not widely used until the 19th century during the Greek Revival which was an architectural movement that took place between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. There are many buildings that use the doric order, but the most famous example is the Parthenon. Overall the Doric order in ancient Greece has been used for many centuries now and it has led to the creation of buildings such as the Parthenon. The Ionic order has a shaft that lies on top of a base and unlike the Doric order its shafts are not composed of drums. At the top of the shaft lies a capital and the combination of a base, shaft and capital make up a column of the ionic order. The column of an ionic order is approximately nine times the diameter of its base. Above the column lies a architrave, frieze, cornice and pediment respectively. The Ionic order came about in 6th century B.C in Ionia. The use of the Ionic order was most prominent during the Archaic Period (750-480 BCE). Many ancient Greek buildings have used the Ionic order, but the most famous one is the Temple of Diana in Ephesus. The Parthenon has elements of the ionic order, but it conforms mainly to the Doric order. Ultimately, the Ionic order is a historic creation and its structure is still used in many buildings today. The Corinthian order is a variation of the ionic order and was originally created for interiors, bit it was eventually used in exteriors as well. The Corinthian order has all the basic components of the Ionic order, but it does not have a pediment. The pediment is removed completely while the capital is composed of an astragal, leaf, acanthus, rosette and volute. Arriving in full development at the middle of 4th century B.C, the Corinthian order was not used too often by the Greeks. The Greeks mainly just used the Corinthian order for the interior. The oldest known Corinthian temple is the Temple of Apollo Epicurius. Although the Corinthian order was not used as prominently as the Doric or Ionic it is still an important order and has helped create many ancient Greek buildings. The Doric, Ionic and Corinthian order were important features to come out of Greek architecture and many buildings today use these orders. The basic components of these orders were a column and entablature, but each of the three orders had specific characteristics that set them apart from the others. The creation of these orders has led to the many great Greek buildings such as the Parthenon. These orders were important elements to come out of Greek art and will probably be used for centuries to come.

jane eyre, a passage to india , and the tempest :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane Eyre, A passage to India, and The Tempest all hold within their covers’ stories of women or girls who knowingly and unknowingly affected the lives of men they were involved with. However, the females’ range of influence does vary between the books due the writer’s opinions of the female sex. The strength and influence of women did and will continue to have an affect on the men they are surrounded by as well as our society as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane Eyre begins as a young, weak girl and buds into a strong, independent woman. Because of her strength and amount of growth she is able to influence and change one very important man in her life. Mr. Rochester when he meets Jane is a very cold man. He loves no one, not Adele the child that is possibly his of Miss. Ingram a woman he would soon be engaged to. As her time a Thornfield Hall lengthens the reader watches his transformation from the man calling her Miss. Eyre to the man who begs her love him, stay with him and marry him. Charlotte Bronte shows through Jane’s impact on Rochester, as well as her own metamorphosis, that women are strong and capable as well as important to their society and the men they meet. The influence Jane had on Rochester and the fortitude she showed would allow society to see what a woman is capable of and in turn has the women reading encouraged to do the same. The way Bronte portrayed Jane affected not only Rochester but t he women and men of society today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Azziz, when met with Mrs. Moore, is immediately drawn to her. He befriends her and through this friendship he is changes. Before he knew Mrs. Moore he didn’t have a strong liking of the English though he tolerated and even got along with them. Mrs. Moore, however, gave him a way to understand them and because of her influence he began friendships with Mr. Fielding and Mrs. Quested. After the cave incident the way Mrs. Moore viewed life had changed and she became a very negative person. Dr. Azziz just like Mrs. Moore became very angry and negative when she in a way abandoned him. Mrs. Moore’s character has the ability to make society take a second look at the muddle of India and consider is as more than that.

A Hard Day’s Night- A Study in Fame, Paranoia, and Claustrophobia

Who among us has not heard of the Beatles, or know of their influence in everyday society. Their music fills elevators around the world, there have been thousands of books and movies recorded detailing every event of their personal and professional lives, and who can’t resist singing alone, if only under our breath, when ever we hear these classic songs.To watch the movie A Hard Day’s Night, starring the Beatles, created at the height of their popularity, your first thought is this is a movie to promote the Beatles and display their music.They are grown men, running around, having fun in the midst of a hectic lifestyle that very successful performers live. They seemingly don’t have a care in the world, but just need to show up and start playing their music on time, with much enthusiasm, while their manager, George Martin, does all the worrying for them.While the movie is entertaining, and has some great, full length versions of classic Beatles music, the underlyi ng theme is that of 4 grown men, dealing with the constraints and frustrations of enormous fame and popularity.They are not allowed to roam free about the city, or on the train they are riding, for fear of being overrun with groupies. Instead they are subject to do what George Martin tells them to do, because after all he is their ‘manager’, as if 4 grown men need someone to manage their personal lives as well as their professional.Their fame is so overwhelming, it often times disarms people who run into them unknowingly. When John Lennon meets a woman on the train who is taken back because she knows â€Å"it’s him†, he repeatedly denies it, and says he just looks like him. They start a conversation about how John is not really the persona of John Lennon the Beatle, but at that point in time he is John Lennon the private person, who wants to get to know the woman he just met, the woman, is insisting that she is right and knows John Lennon when she sees him .After a few exchanges, John convinces her that he just looks like John the Beatle, she ends up confessing, â€Å"You don’t really look like him at all.† Once she concludes that, she is not interested in him anymore.This is the prominent theme that is presented concerning their fame. Once recognized, people don’t really like them at all. At that time, they were criticized for having long hair, for wearing funny clothes, being brash and generally rebelling against society in general. It is mild to us today, but at that time they were radicals.This theme is seen again as Ringo is walking down the street. At first he is recognized and runs away from a young, female fan. When he steps out of a costume shop wearing a disguise, he speaks to the same woman who now tells him to â€Å"get lost.†One of the drawbacks of their fame is that because their personal life is examined so closely, and their inner most thoughts and feelings are put to music, arousing the sam e strong feelings in others, somehow total strangers feel as though they can walk up to them and act like they know everything about each one, right away.This causes a great sense of unsettled discomfort in the lives of the Beatles. They are desperately trying throughout the whole movie to be understood and accepted for just who they are.At the time of this movies release, in 1964, there were many big social changes going on around the world. Music before the Beatles, with the exception of Elvis Presley, was primarily either a solo singer, or a 3 piece band playing conservative music, that was well choreographed.When the Beatles came on stage, all of a sudden there were 4 instruments creating a loud, driving beat, with lyrics that spoke of love and desire, unlike anything that was ever heard before in mainstream America. Their entrance into this country is often times referred to as the ‘Beatles Explosion’.John Lennon himself stated that they were more popular the Jesus Christ at that time. The statement itself stirred up even more fame, and more attention- be it good or bad- adding fuel to the fire. It seemed as though their every move was documented, imitated, and capitalized on any way possible.

Feature Article Racism- to Kill a Mockingbird Etc

Are we born racist or have we learnt it? Children grow up heavily influenced by the values and beliefs of their family. If these attitudes are racist then innocent pick up these traits when usually they don’t see these differences. Society and media provide people with different aspects and feelings towards racism. The media are always exploiting riots and bashings such as the Cronulla riots when they occur, over exaggerating them when they are because of a simple thing like, the differences in cultures and peoples’ beliefs. People get indignant when they hear about others within their culture or beliefs being abused or unaccepted, raising the question of why people feel a need to be on the attack or defense. Do we learn such hatred for†¦show more content†¦Herr Liszt- â€Å"I think, Bruno, if you ever found a nice Jew, you would be the best explorer in the world†. ‘Rabbit Proof Fence’ was the story of a 3 young Aboriginal girls who were taken from their homes because they were ‘half castes’ and then their long walk home following the rabbit proof fence. The idea of the government taking children from their homes and placing them into the care of white people in the hope of them losing their cultural beliefs was stronger. This idea of them being changed was evident with quotes such as â€Å"This is your new home. We dont use that jabber here. You speak English† providing the idea of whites being dominant through their values. ‘Australia’ also showed how the government controlled how children of Aboriginal descent were brought up with language used such as â€Å"The mixed raced children must be dislocated from their primitive full blooded Aborigine, how else are we to breed the black out of them†. This presented again the reason as to why the Aboriginal children were taken away from their own cultures to be raised in something completely different. These films all reinforced how children’s opinions sway through the way in which they are raised. It demonstrated how as children they were clueless as to who was their enemies and why they were. They also revealed how the government has played a significant role within the riots between the cultural diversity. ThroughShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird1210 Words   |  5 Pagesidentity. Prejudice is an integral theme in Harper Lee’s, To Kill A Mockingbird. Prejudice is evident throughout the novel, not just in the appalling racism but also through, prejudice against different sexual orientations, gender constructs and feminism. Society had certain constructs that had to be met. Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, Lee breaks the bounds to overcome barriers, and challenge social constructs. This feature article delves into how two different generations, can be affected byRead MoreRelationship between How to Kill a Mockingbird and Mississipi Burning2129 Words   |  9 PagesFeature Article: If you aint better then a nigger, then who you better then? What is a nigger? Used as a disparaging term for a Black person in the modern world, calling a black man, a nigger would be offensive and would be racist. What is racism? Racism is a form of discrimination based on race, especially the belief that one race is superior to another. Racism may be expressed individually and consciously, through explicit thoughts, feelings or acts, or socially and unconsciously throughRead MorePrejudice-to Kill a Mockingbird and Martin Luther King5895 Words   |  24 Pagesstep. In the twenty-first century prejudice and its destruction can be viewed in many forms of modern literature. Two of the most famous and rejoiced literatures that examine the theme of prejudice are Harper Lee’s realist fiction novel ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ and Martin Luther King’s heart warming speech ‘I Have a Dream’. Both texts explore the theme of prejudice of white Americans on the Blacks in the racially tense times of the early twentieth century. Unlike Harper Lee, Martin Luther King goes

Common Sense Essay - 663 Words

Common Sense The persuasion towards independence represented through the pamphlet Common Sense, is largely effective. The work portrays the unjust treatment received by the colonies from the mother country, England. Thomas Paine begins with the creation of government, as lived by the colonist, and progresses to the wrongful acts administered by Parliament and the King of England. Finally, Thomas Paine gives confidence to the unity of the colonies, and details a forceful removal of English authority. The argument is set up extensively in the commencement of the pamphlet. Thomas Paine explains how the colonies began governing themselves. The natural governing solution for the people of the new world was a representative†¦show more content†¦The King, as well as England, begins to forget the colonies are inhabited by English men. The colonists are consistently being stuck with wrongful governing and no election power. In America THE LAW IS KING, but under England the colonies must res pect the King as law (98). Unfortunately, the similarities between the two are observed by Thomas Paine as few and far between. Common Sense ventures towards the argument about the peace at mind and military protection provided by the mother country. England gives excuses for the taxes and rulings because of the safety factor they preserve for the colonies. Paine handles this argument by describing the time it would take to produce English armed services on American soil. The lapse would be crucial, and possibly too late. Common Sense portrays some beliefs: We have boasted the protection of Great-Britain, without considering, that her motive was interest not attachment; that she did not protest us from our enemies on our account, but from her enemies on her own account, from those who had no quarrel with us on any other account, and who will always be our enemies on the same account.(84) England is protecting the colonies when it is convenient for Her. Paine goes on to point out the convenience presence when it comes to governing and taxing the colonies. Thus Paine expresses a need for aShow MoreRelatedThe Apology For Thomas Paines Common Sense749 Words   |  3 Pageswith a severe lack of common sense in the modern world is rapidly increasing. Without this common sense, the world turns into a mass of chaos and confusion. According to Merriam-Webster, common sense is defined by having sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts. Our world is in a grave and desperate drought of common sense, and the only way to quench this thirst is to reevaluate ourselves, our thoughts, and our practices. Common sense begins with respect forRead MoreCommon Sense1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe years to follow his father’s trade. Paine didn’t do so well at that either and he experimented with other jobs such as a privateer, an excise, and finally a journalist. Paine became an important figure publishing many of his works including â€Å"Common Sense†, an influential piece that pushed for indepe ndence, which was published in 1776 and followed by â€Å"The American Crisis†. Later in his lifetime, he was arrested for not supporting the execution of Louis XVI and was put away in jail for some timeRead MoreCommon Sense1980 Words   |  8 PagesOmar El-Azhary 6 May 2012 Common Sense Making people understand a serious situation like America’s independence is not easy, but Thomas Paine was able to do so through his book, Common Sense. Thomas Paine was able to communicate his ideas to common simple farmers and to the high class intellectuals very easily. He lived at the time of the American Revolution, and Common Sense is one of his main publications that urged Americas’ independence from the British. Born in 1937, Thomas Paine was originallyRead MoreSubcultures Of Common Sense766 Words   |  4 Pagesby a car and the driver evacuates the scene. Is it common sense to file a police report or hunt down the perpetrator yourself? I believe most Americans will choose the former over the latter based on their perception of common sense. However, if someone chooses to seek retribution for the hit and run by themselves, do they then lack common sense or does their common sense merely differ from ours? The Merriam Webster dictionary defines common sense as a â€Å"sound and prudent judgment based on a simpleRead MoreEssay on Common Sense1172 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Independence, Thomas Paine offers much advice in both Common Sense, and The Crisis. Paine offers very strong arguments in Common Sense, which are supported by his own reason, his sensibility, his common sense and by his ability to draw inference from what has already happened. Paine uses every element in his ability to help give more depth to his arguments and plans. However, of all the cases Thomas Paine makes in Common Sense, the ultimate goal of Paine is to incite the American PublicRead More Common Sense Essay579 Words   |  3 Pages In Common Sense, by Thomas Paine writes that America cannot recon ciliate with Great Britain. Paine gives many examples in this document of why America cannot reconsolidates with Great Britain. One of them is there is no advantages to being connected to Great Britain; only disadvantages can come out of the connection and the second idea is British government must sooner or later end. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the first point about the connection with the British, Paine states that AmericaRead MoreCommon Sense Essay623 Words   |  3 PagesAfter reading excerpts from the pamphlet â€Å"Common Sense†, written by Thomas Paine in 1776, I developed a sense of understanding for many different aspects of the article. About a quarter of the way through, I found myself very much interested in what I was reading. However, I was interested to an extent where I felt as if I was living in the 18th century and I strongly agreed with everything Thomas Paine was saying. By the end of the reading, I felt overwhelmingly opposed to the British, and I wasRead More Common Sense Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pages Common Sense. By Thomas Paine. Edited with an Introduction by Isaac Kramnic. (New York: Penguin Books, 1986). amp;nbsp; amp;#9;Recently, I acquired a copy of Thomas Paine’s most recent patriotic pamphlet, entitled Common Sense. I was immediately interested in what Paine had to say in his new work, after such powerful previous works, such as The Crisis series. I was nothing less than astonished at how Paine so powerfully conveyed his patriotic message. Paine theorizes a split between EnglandRead MoreTheories Of The Common Sense960 Words   |  4 PagesQuestioning whether or not people make choices seems to be an arbitrary concept to ponder. Common sense causes one to believe that, of course, humans make choices daily. Even now, common sense dictates that it is a choice to read this paper or even for this paper to be written at all. However, according to one form of early philosophy, common sense has led society astray. Each event that occurs throughout the universe has causation such that one never acts of his or her own free will. This theoryRead MoreChild Care: As It Has Always Been in The Common Sense Guide to Baby and Child Care by Dr. Benjamin Spock1514 Words   |  7 PagesInitially published in 1845 by Dr. Benjamin Spock, The Common Sense Guide to Baby and Child Care revolutionized parenting, and thus, the upbringing of an entire generation and those following. As society changed, new editions of the original handbook emerged to fit the lifestyle of the current population. Dr. Spock wrote seven editions of The Common Sense Guide to Baby and Child Care alongside a prestigious pediatrician, Steven Parker, before his death in 1998. I read the ninth addition of the manual

Of Mice And Men Discussion Questions - 782 Words

Name: ________________________ Date: ________________________ Directions: On a separate piece of loose leaf paper, using an appropriate heading, answer the following in COMPLETE SENTENCES. CHAPTER 1 (Pgs. 1-17) 1. Describe the setting (time and place) of Chapter 1. 2. Steinbeck incorporates the literary technique of imagery (mental pictures) in this chapter. Explain where and how the author uses this technique of imagery. 3. John Steinbeck uses animal imagery to describe Lennie, give examples. 5. Lennie is forgetful; therefore what would George not allow Lennie to carry? 6. Why does Lennie always want to carry a mouse with him? 7. Why does Lennie kill the mice that he has received? 8. George and Lennie were run out of†¦show more content†¦38-65) 31. Describe the setting of Chapter 3. 32. What does George say when Slim calls Lennie a cuckoo? 33. What type of relationship is developing between Slim and George? 34. What was the last prank George played on Lennie? Why? 35. What further details do we learn about the incident in Weed? (Give Specifics) 36. In what way is Lennie like a kid rather than an adult? Give an Example. 37. Who is Whit? 38-39. What happens to Candy’s dog? Who does it? How? Be Specific. 40. How is Slim like a judge? How did he pass verdict on the dog? 41. Who is Crooks? How did he get his name? 42. What is old Susy’s place? _____________________________________________________ 43. There is symbolism in the situation with Candy’s dog. Tell how this incident is symbolic of Candy’s own life on the ranch. 44. What regret does Candy have? 45-46. In detail from beginning to end, explain how Lennie ends up hurting Curley? 47. Why was Curley on edge right before the confrontation with Lennie? 48. What did Curley promise to tell about his injury? Why would he agree to go along with this lie? CHAPTER 4 (Pgs. 66-83) 49. Describe the setting of Chapter 4. 50. What kind of man is Crooks? 51. What does Crooks say will happen to Lennie if George doesn’t come back? 52. How does Lennie react to this? 53.According to Crooks, what happens to a man if he doesn’t have somebody? 54. How did Curley’s wife know that Lennie was the one who broke Curley’s hand? 55-56. Why does Curley’s wifeShow MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1319 Words   |  6 PagesBryann Cervantes AP English IV Mrs. Batey Of Mice and Men To most, John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men is a revered novel on racial segregation in the United States. This text has been remarkably controversial because of the way it deals with difficult issues regarding race and the American dream; however, despite its disputable history, it is an incredibly important book that is used to study many aspects of race relations in the United States in the early to mid twentieth century, more specificallyRead MoreDifference Between Behavior And Histology Of Pbs Or Lps Treated Mice961 Words   |  4 Pages4. Discussion 4.1 Review of results Contrary to what we expected, there was no significant difference between behaviour and histology of PBS or LPS treated mice. Some results, however, such as the number of microglial clusters, may benefit from an increase in the n number, since the lack of significance was caused, partially, due to high variability inside the groups. We are currently evaluating the immunohistochemistry of 4 mice, although the initial idea of a profound effect of intranasal LPS overRead MoreAnalysis Of Of Mice And Men By John Steinback2601 Words   |  11 PagesStephanie Cannon July 5, 2016 Lesson Plan Unit: Of Mice and Men by John Steinback Lesson Topic: Literature and craft Grade: 9th Time allotted: 50 minutes Link to class website: https://sites.google.com/site/9thgradeenglishmscannon/ Context for learning: †¢ Purpose: o The purpose of this lesson is to understand the character development through the book â€Å"Of Mice and Men† as well as the symbolism and themes from the text. The discussion would contribute to a better understanding of the text forRead MoreAre Women Destructive Forces?1674 Words   |  7 Pagesdisgraced woman who emerged from the shadows to alter the precise definition of the disgraceful letter â€Å"A† on her chest. Later, John Steinbeck composed Of Mice and Men in the 1930’s that depicted Curleys spouse as determined but also immensely egotistic, ultimately prompting his wife to turn into a destructive power which end up ruining the dreams of the men working in the farm. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds book The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald utilized Daisy Buchanan, an ignorant, materialistic and intolerantRead MoreComparing Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1605 Words   |  7 Pages Repeating Mistakes of Innocence in of Mice and Men Tragedy in life can be used to demonstrate the ultimate display of compassion and love, which truly demonstrates the qualities of men. In life people create attachments and bonds, craving companionship over isolated individualism. There is a endless cycle and chain of events that cause the annihilation of bounds which leads to tragedies bringing sadness. In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck focuses the reader s attention on the bond between twoRead MoreThemes, Styles, And Techniques Essay2289 Words   |  10 PagesSpencer Kandel English IV Mr. Otton 16 November 2016 Themes, Styles, and Techniques as Expressed in the Works of John Steinbeck INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO When looking over Of Mice and Men, we come to realize that this work portrays various questions when it comes to man and his life. The main question that this work asks when the story is told is â€Å"is man destined to live alone, a solitary wanderer on the face of the earth, or is it the fate of man to care for man, to go in his way in companionshipRead MoreTheme Of Creation And Expulsion Of Cain From The Garden Of Eden Essay2550 Words   |  11 Pages When looking over Of Mice and Men, we come to realize that this work portrays various questions when it comes to man and his life. The main question that this work asks when the story is told is â€Å"is man destined to live alone, a solitary wanderer on the face of the earth, or is it the fate of man to care for man, to go in his way in companionship with another?† Should we ride solo or join others along the way? That is one of the themes of this work. This theme is like the theme that occurs in theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1605 Words   |  7 Pageseffectively had a place among those rich individuals. Tom is her key to the high society and she would do everything for him. She loathes Daisy, in light of the fact that Daisy is remaining in her path, for her marriage with Tom. The novel opens with two men, George Milton and Lennie Small, walking to a nearby farm where collecting employments are accessible. George, the smaller man, heads the way and settles on the choices for Lennie, a reasonably mentally handicapped giant. They stop at a stream for theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned860 Words   |  4 Pagesuse of animals in research has created a diverse range of attitudes, as some individuals support the use of animals in research and others are against it. Sometimes people do not have enough background knowledge on this topic to be involved in a discussion of animal testing. Animal testing dates back to around 400 years ago, when one of the first famous researchers William Harvey was curious to discover how blood circulates around the body. The modern era of animal testing began around 150 years agoRead MoreEnglish Class1625 Words   |  7 Pageshow to develop their own questions and how to find their own answers. My first move in making this change was to take apart my research unit. Instead of having the students learn some research skills over a two to three week period, I began to incorporate the skills into all of the units. In our first unit, which featured the novella Of Mice and Men, I had the kids learn to develop a research question. As a class, we talked about the importance of developing questions about the text and how

Information methods Essay Example For Students

Information methods Essay Q.What is Information Literacy?A.ability to recognise the need to find, organise, evaluate and use such information for effective decision-making or problem solving. Be aware that some information conveyed to you may be distorted. Be aware that you may require additional information before making a decision. Q.What is Information Technology Literacy?A.ability to recognise opportunities for and apply information technology resources to capture and manipulate data, transform data into information and present information. Q.Why do you need Information Literacy?A.to function in society, to understand the language and knowledge structures of particular fields of study, to be able to study in fields of interest, to be able to communicate. Q.Is there a relationship between data, information, and knowledge?A.Yes. A collection of basic data elements (facts, video, images, sound etc.) are transformed (manipulated) into information. By gathering information we can begin to gain knowledge. Q.What are the three information types? (and give an example of each)A.Primary Information eyewitness account, creative work, discoverySecondary Information reports on events, history, theologiesTertiary Information indices, bibliographies, browsersQ.What are the Information Literacy skills identified in the lecture?A.Task Definition, Information Seeking Strategies, Location and Access, Use of Information, Synthesis, EvaluationQ.What are the 5 subdisciplines of Semiotics and what are their attributes?A.Statistics patterns, codes, traces, signalsSyntactics structure, data, records, language, logic, software, filesSemantics meaning, denotation, signification, proposition, validty, truthPragmatics intent, communication, conversation, negotiationSocial beliefs, expectations, commitments, contracts, law, cultureQ.What are mind maps useful for?A.Note taking, organising information in a logical structure, good for exam revisionQ.What is a metaphor? ExamplesA.statements based on some kind of analogy where two things are compared to each other eg desk top metaphor, metaphorically speakingQ.What are the different types of metaphors?A.Illustrative, Iconic, Visual, VerbalQ.What is a clich?A.A phrase that conveys some sort of idea or message, a clich is, in other words a metaphor characterised by its over use. Q.The usefulness of information is determined by four main factors. What are these four main factors and exemplify. A.Information Quality fitness for purpose, authors credentials, revised edition, intended audience etc. Information Assessibility consistent, speed, availability, formatInformation Presentation writing style, organised logically, main points clearly presentedInformation Security Internet fire walls, Business passwords etcQ.What is Knowledge?A.A combination of rules, ideas, instincts and procedures that guide actions and decisions. Q.What are the different types of information retrieval outlined in the lecture?A.Text database a set of documents stored and organised on a computer eg proformasHypertext documents interactive links to other parts of the current document eg autotable of contents in word. Hypermedia system WWW is made up of documents that may contain text, images, audio, video etc. Browser GUI to WWW, displays web pages to users, require programs called plugins to access some elementsQ.Name two different types of databases and provide examples for each. A.Relational database consisting of many linked tables eg MS AccessFlat File database rows and columns, one table only eg MS Excel/WordQ.Name some information collection techniques (from lecture)A.Interviewing ObservationReadingNote TakingListeningInformation ManagementQ.When organising data we need to apply Critical thinking in particular we need to clarify, reflect, analyse and synthesise. Describe each of these steps. A.Clarify examine the material, check the informationReflect consider, compose, look at consequencesAnalyse examine the parts, make comparisons, read between the lines, draw inferencesSynthesise pull all the clues together, form your own arguments or line of reasoningQ.Name three flexible storage systems for data (from lecture notes)A.Paper based, film based, computer basedQ.Which is more important, storage or retrieval of information? 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Anyone can store information, whether it is in a shoebox or on a computerised system. The most important thing here is to make sure that the information is retrievable in a timely and efficient manner, particularly when having to make decisions. Q.The effective storage of data within a computerised system requires: (from lecture)A.Thorough design of data types and structuresGood use of normalisation principlesConsideration of indexingCareful consideration of fields used as primary keys for creating relationshipsQ.What are the five steps of the I D E A L problem solving model presented in lecture?A.Identify, Define, Explore, Act, Look backQ.Explain the structure of a report (the main elements)A.Front page, Abstract/Executive Summary, Table of Contents, Introduction, Discussion, Conclusion/Recommedation, References/Bibliography, AppendicesQ.What are the three main Information Quality Criterion given in the lecture?A.Content Criteria, Form Criteria, Process CriteriaQ.Explain and exemplify what the Content Criteria sub-criteria Validity means. A.how well founded, trustworthy and reliable